Soap is made of long-chain fatty acid salts (like sodium stearate).Each molecule has two distinct parts:Hydrophilic Head: A polar group (the "water-loving" end) that stays in contact with water.Hydrophobic Tail: A long hydrocarbon chain (the "water-fearing" end) that repels water but attaches easily to oils and grease.When soap is added to water, the molecules orient themselves into a spherical cluster called a micelle to minimize the energy of the system.The Interior: The hydrophobic tails "hide" from the water by pointing inward, toward the center of the sphere. This is where the trapped dirt and oil reside.The Surface: The hydrophilic heads point outward, staying in contact with the surrounding water. This allows the entire cluster to remain soluble in water so it can be washed away.