History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols, all played a vital role in shaping the nationalism during freedom struggle. It can be described in the following points :(i) Identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. He also wrote 'Vande Matram' as a hymn to the motherland.(ii) In the same way khadi and charkha used by Mahatma Gandhi became symbol of agitation and resistance.