Characteristics of management are: (i) Management is all pervasive: Management activities are performed in all type of organisations, in all departments and at all levels. Management is required for all organisations-big or small, profit making or non profit making, service providing or manufacturing, etc. (ii) Management is a goal-oriented process: Management is a goal oriented activity. It tries to achieve economic, social and human objectives by proper utilization of resources. (iii) Management is a continuous process: Management consists of a series of functionsplanning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling which are simultaneously and continuously performed by all the managers. (iv) Management is a group activity: Management guides people on how to do the work. It influences the behaviour of all the employees in such a way that the ultimate goals of the organisation can be achieved effectively and efficiently and at the same time, it facilitate the employees to develop and grow.