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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2014 Delhi Set 1 Solved Paper

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Question : 5 of 30
Marks: +1, -0
Which of the following isomers is more volatile: oo-nitrophenol or pp-nitrophenol?
Solution:  
oo-nitrophenol is more volatile than pp-nitrophenol.
In para nitrophenol, intermolecular hydrogen bonding is present.
This intermolecular hydrogen bonding causes the association of molecules.
In oo-nitrophenol an intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the partial positively charged (δ+)(\delta+) hydrogen of phenolic group and between the partial negatively charged ( δ−)\delta-) oxygen of nitro group. So, it involves only a single molecule, and the boiling point is lesser and so the compound is highly volatile.
In pp-nitrophenol, there exists intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Here, positively charged (δ+)(\delta+) hydrogen in the phenolic group of one molecule and the partial negatively charged (δ−)(\delta-) oxygen in nitro group of another molecule. So, the hydrogen bonding involves multiple molecules. The boiling point is higher and compound is less volatile compared to oo-nitrophenol.
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