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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2017 Outside Delhi Set 1 Solved Paper

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Question : 13 of 26
Marks: +1, -0
(a) What type of isomerism is shown by the complex [Co(NH3)5(SCN)]2+[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{NH}_3)_5(\mathrm{SCN})]^{2+} ?
(b) Why is [NiCl4]2[\mathrm{NiCl}_4]^{2-} paramagnetic while [Ni(CN)4]2[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_4]^{2-} is diamagnetic ?
(Atomic number of Ni=28\mathrm{Ni}=28 )
(c) Why are low spin tetrahedral complexes rarely observed?
Solution:  
(a) Linkage isomerism is shown by the complex [Co(NH3)5(SCN)]2+[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{NH}_3)_5(\mathrm{SCN})]^{2+}
(b) [NiCl4]2[\mathrm{NiCl}_4]^{2-} contains Ni2+\mathrm{Ni}^{2+} ion having 3d83 d^{8} configuration.
Ground state
Cl\mathrm{Cl}^{-} is a weak field ligand. Hence outer 4s4 s -and 4p4 p -orbitals are used in hybridization.
It has two unpaired electrons hence it is paramagnetic whereas [Ni(CO)4][\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_4] contains Ni(0)3d84s2\mathrm{Ni}(0)-3 d^{8} 4 s^{2} configuration
CO\mathrm{CO} is a strong field ligand hence 4s4 s-electrons will shift to 3d3 d-orbital making 4s4 s-orbital vacant.
The complex has all paired electrons hence it is diamagnetic.
(c) In tetrahedral complexes, sp3s p^{3} hybridization occurs. The 3d3 d orbitals are untouched, so unpaired electrons are available always which give high spins. Therefore, low spin tetrahedral complexes are formed rarely.
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