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NCERT Class XI Chemistry The p-Block Elements Solutions

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Question : 7 of 38
Marks: +1, -0
Describe the shapes of BF3BF_3 and BH4BH_4^{–}. Assign the hybridisation of boron in these species.
Solution:  
BF3BF_3 has a planar triangular structure which arises from the sp2sp^2 hybrid orbitals.
(ground sytate) B 2s :
↿⇂
2p :
(excited state) B 2s :
2p :
These three sp2sp^2 hybrid orbitals are directed towards the corners of triangle and BF3BF_3 has a trigonal structure.
BH4BH_4^{–} may be assumed to be made of a central B atom, 3H atoms and onehydride ion HH^{–}. In order to accommodate the 3H atoms and one HH^{–} ion, B undergoes sp3sp^3 hybridisation yielding four orbitals, 3 of which contain one ee^{–} each and one is empty. The fourth, empty orbital accomodates the HH^{–} ion. Thus, the structure of BH4BH_4^{–} is tetrahedral.
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