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NCERT Class XI Mathematics - Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations - Solutions

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Question : 45 of 52
Marks: +1, -0
Find the modulus and argument of the complex number 1+2i13i\frac{1+2i}{1-3i}
Solution:  
We have , 1+2i13i\frac{1+2i}{1-3i} = 1+2i13i\frac{1+2i}{1-3i} × 1+3i1+3i\frac{1+3i}{1+3i}
= 1+3i+2i61+9\frac{1+3i+2i-6}{1+9} = 5+5i10\frac{-5+5i}{10} = - 12+12i\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} i
Let - 12=rcosθ\frac{1}{2} = r \cos \theta ... (i) and 12\frac{1}{2} = r sin θ ... (ii)
Squaring and adding (i) and (ii), we get
r2(cos2θ+sin2θ)r^2(\cos^2 \theta + \sin^2 \theta) = 14+14\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4} = 24\frac{2}{4} = 12\frac{1}{2}r2r^2 = 12\frac{1}{2} ⇒ r = 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
Substituting the value of r in (i) and (ii), we get
12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} cos θ = 12,12-\frac{1}{2} , \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} sin θ = 12\frac{1}{2} ⇒ cos θ = 12-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} , sin θ = 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
⇒ cos θ = - cos (π4)\left( \frac{\pi}{4} \right) , sin θ = sin π4\frac{\pi}{4}
Here, cos θ < 0 , sin θ > 0.
∴ θ lies in second quadrant.
θ = π - π4\frac{\pi}{4} = 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4}
∴ Modulus is 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} and argument is 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4}
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