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Laws of Motion

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Question : 21 of 40
Marks: +1, -0
A stone of mass 0.25 kg tied to the end of a string is whirled round in a circle of radius 1.5 m with a speed of 40 rev./min in a horizontal plane. What is the tension in the string? What is the maximum speed with which the stone can be whirled around if the string can withstand a maximum tension of 200 N?
Solution:  
Frequency of revolution of stone v=40 rev/min=4060 rev/sv=40\,\text{rev}/\text{min}=\frac{40}{60}\,\text{rev}/\text{s}
mass of stone, m=0.25 kgm = 0.25\,\text{kg}
radius of circle, r=1.5 mr = 1.5\,\text{m}
angular speed of the stone ω=2πv\omega = 2\pi v =2π×4060=4π3 rad s−1= 2\pi \times \frac{40}{60} = \frac{4\pi}{3}\,\text{rad}\,\text{s}^{-1}
T = tension in the string = ?
Tmax⁡=T_{\max} = maximum tension in the string = 200 N
vmax⁡=v_{\max} = maximum speed of the stone = ?
The centripetal force is provided by the tension (T) in the string
T=mv2r=mrω2T = \frac{m v^{2}}{r} = m r \omega^{2} (∵v=rω)(\because v = r\omega)
=0.25×1.5×(4π3)2 N= 0.25 \times 1.5 \times \left(\frac{4\pi}{3}\right)^{2}\,\text{N}
=6.58 N=6.6 N=6.58\,\text{N}=6.6\,\text{N}
As the string can withstand a maximum tension of 200 N
∴Tmax⁡=mvmax⁡2r\therefore T_{\max} = \frac{m v_{\max}^{2}}{r} or vmax⁡v_{\max} =rTmax⁡m= \sqrt{\frac{r T_{\max}}{m}} =1.5×2000.25=1200= \sqrt{\frac{1.5 \times 200}{0.25}} = \sqrt{1200}
=34.64 m s−1=35.0 m s−1= 34.64\,\text{m}\,\text{s}^{-1} = 35.0\,\text{m}\,\text{s}^{-1}
∴T=6.6 N,  vmax⁡=35.0 m s−1\therefore T = 6.6\,\text{N},\; v_{\max} = 35.0\,\text{m}\,\text{s}^{-1}
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