(a) (i) The people's rule is what democracy literally means. Regardless of gender, caste, religion or colour, every citizen's vote is equal in democracies. This guarantees the citizens of the country political equality. Through a system of representation, it is a form of governance in which citizens take part in decision-making either directly or indirectly.
(ii) Elections are periodically conducted in democracy. People have right to choose their rulers. There are some things that democracy must provide. In a democracy, we are most concerned with ensuring that people will have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over the rulers.
(iii) Democracies accommodate social divisions. It leads to peaceful and harmonious social life among citizens. Democracy produces a harmonious social life.
(iv) Democracy has the ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts. Non-democratic regimes often turn a blind eye to or suppress internal social differences. Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is thus a definite plus point of democratic regimes.
(v) Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual.
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(b) (i) 'Democracy is best suited to produce its own outcomes.' The ability of democracy to create its own results is ideal. In a democracy, we are most concerned with ensuring that people will have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over the rulers.
(ii) The democratic government follows the right procedure in the making of rules and regulations. Whenever possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision-making, which affects them all. Citizens have the right andthe means to examine the process of decision-making. Democracy ensures that decision making will be based on norms and procedures.
(iii) So, a citizen who wants to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures can find this out. He/She has the right and the means to examine the process of decision-making. This is known as transparency.
(iv) Democracies provide practices and institutions like- regular, free and fair elections and open public debate. Democracy's ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored. Democracy has ability to generate its own support makes it more legitimate.
(v) Democracy maybeslow, lessefficient, not always responsive and clean but it is people's own government. There is an overwhelming support for idea of democracy all over the world. People of world wish to be ruled by a democratic government.