(i) By the end of the nineteenth century, a new visual culture was taking shape. With the setting up of an increasing number of printing presses, visual images could be, easily reproduced in multiple copies. Painters like Raja Ravi Varma produced images for mass circulation.
(ii) Poor wood engravers, who made woodblocks set up shop near the letterpresses, and were, employed by print shops.
(iii) Cheap prints and calendars were available in the bazaars and that, could be easily bought by the poor people to decorate the walls of their homes or places of work. These prints began shaping popular ideas about modernity and tradition, religion and politics, and society and culture.