Four characteristics of 'coordination' are:
(i) Ensures unity of action: It unifies the action of individuals and departments to achieve the organisational goal. For example, in an organi-sation different departments coordinate with each other, so that organisation's objective is achieved.
(ii) Unifies individual's effort: In an organisation, individuals have different interests. Coordination integrates the efforts of the individuals towards the set targets and goals of the organisation.
(iii) Continuous Process: Coordination is a never ending and a continuous process. It begins right from the stage of planning where goals and objectives are set for the organisation. Coordination is then required between the stage of planning and staffing so that right kind of people are hired for the organisation. The functions of directing and controlling should also be coordinated with each other so as to realise the achievement of desired goals. It ensures that work is performed as per planned targets.
(iv) Involves managers: Coordination is an activity that involves the managers at all levels. The top-level managers perform it to ensure the overall welfare of the organisation. The middle level managers practise it to ensure that the top level and lower level managers work together in an harmony. The operational level managers perform it to ensure that work goes on according to planned targets.