NCERT Class XII Chapter
Electric Charges and Fields
Questions With Solutions

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Question : 31
Total: 34
It is now believed that protons and neutrons (which constitute nuclei of ordinary matter) are themselves built out of more elementary units called quarks. A proton and a neutron consist of three quarks each. Two types of quarks, the so called ‘up’ quark (denoted by u) of charge +2/3 e, and the ‘down’ quark (denoted by d) of charge (–1/3)e, together with electrons build up ordinary matter. [Quarks of other types have also been found which give rise to different unusual varieties of matter]. Suggest a possible quark composition of a proton and neutron.
Solution:  
As u = +
2
3
e and d =
1
3
e
Charge of proton = + e =
2
3
e +
2
3
e -
1
3
e
So, configuration of proton is ‘uud’
Charge of neutron = +
2
3
e -
1
3
e -
1
3
e
So, configuration of neutron is ‘udd’.
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