NCERT Class XII Chemistry
Chapter - Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Questions with Solutions

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Question : 8
Total: 45
While separating a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols by steam distillation, name the isomer which will be steam volatile. Give reason.
Solution:  
During steam distillation, it is the lower boiling compound which distills out first. Between ortho- and para-nitrophenol it is the ortho- isomer which will be steam volatile since it has a lower boiling point.
The difference in boiling point betweenthe two isomers can be understood based on the structural difference. In ortho-isomer intramolecular hydrogen bonding takes place while in the para-isomer, intermolecular hydrogen bonding takes place.
As a result of the strong forces operating between the molecules of p-isomer, the boiling point is higher and it is not steam volatile.
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