Concept:Action research is a cycle of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. It is conducted by practitioners to improve their own classroom practices continuously.
Explanation:Action research is not research after action (option B) or research toward action (option D). It happens during the action, but the defining characteristic is its continuous and reflective nature.
Teachers identify a problem, implement a change, observe outcomes, and reflect to plan the next step. This cycle repeats, making it a never‑ending process of improvement.
It involves collaboration, dialogue, and self‑evaluation. The focus is on immediate application, not general theory.
Thus, action research is best described as a continuous and reflective process of inquiry.
Answer:Option A: Continuous and Reflective process