Concept:The Preamble of the Indian Constitution declares the nature of the Indian state.
Explanation:The Preamble describes India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.
"Sovereign" means India has independent authority and is not a dominion of any external power.
"Socialist" was added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976, meaning socialist goals are achieved through democratic means.
It reflects democratic socialism, where both private and public sectors coexist.
"Secular" was also added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, 1976.
It means all religions in India receive equal respect, protection, and support from the state.
"Democratic" means the Constitution derives its authority from the will of the people expressed through elections.
"Republic" means the head of the state is elected directly or indirectly by the people.
In India, the President is the head of state and is elected indirectly.
Earlier, India was described only as a Sovereign Democratic Republic.
The 42nd Amendment, 1976, added the words "Socialist" and "Secular" to the Preamble.
Answer:Option B: Sovereign, Socialist, Democratic, Secular Republic.