Option 4 goes out because nowhere does the para says that language is a derived trait. It says that it is a human trait, but not a derived trait (a derived trait would be something that was missing in the common ancestor). Option 3 is correct, nothing is distorted or missing in this choice. Option 1 is very close to 3 except that it misses the crucial point of 'language drawing on aspects of cognition such as memory' Option 2 misses two crucial points, one about language evolving over a period of time, and the other about point of 'language drawing on aspects of cognition such as memory' This is a very difficult question as there was little difference between 3 and 1 . We could eliminate 4 because it does not cover two critical points, focusing on the information that is less significant and is not the part of the author's main focus, which is 'evolution of language'.