Concept:Vygotsky’s theory focuses on social interaction and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). This refers to tasks a child can do with guidance from others.
Explanation:Vygotsky argued that children learn through collaboration with more knowledgeable people (teachers, parents, peers).
The ZPD shows the gap between what a child can do alone and what they can achieve with support.
This support is called scaffolding, where help is gradually removed as the child becomes independent.
Thus, children have potential that is unlocked through social guidance.
Option A (quantitatively different) aligns with information-processing theories, not Vygotsky.
Option B (qualitatively different) is a general Piagetian idea, not Vygotsky’s key contribution.
Option D (born unruly) reflects behaviorist or moral views, not Vygotsky’s theory.
Only option C directly matches his concept of ZPD and collaborative learning.
Answer:C. children have a lot of potential which includes tasks they can do with the others' support.