Concept:Masulipatnam was a major 17th-century port on the Andhra coast, where competition among various trading groups and European companies led to prosperity.
Explanation:Statement (a) is correct: Both the Dutch and English East India Companies tried to control Masulipatnam in the 17th century because it was the most important port on the Andhra coast.
Statement (b) is false: The Dutch were from the Netherlands, not Denmark and Spain.
Statement (c) is true: Competition among Golconda nobles, Persian merchants, Telugu Komati Chettis, and European traders made the city prosperous.
Statement (d) is true: Mir Jumla, the Mughal governor, played off the Dutch and English against each other to maintain control.
Thus, the correct combination is (a), (c), and (d).
Answer:D. (c), (d), (a) only