Concept:The economic policy of early independent India was driven by twin goals: poverty alleviation and building a modern industrial base, leading to state-led heavy industrialisation.
Explanation:After independence, India aimed to lift people above the poverty line and create a modern technical and industrial base.
A Planning Commission was set up in 1950 to design development policies under a mixed economy model.
The Second Five Year Plan (1956) focused on heavy industries like steel and large dams, under state control.
This heavy-industry emphasis and government regulation shaped economic policy for the next few decades.
Thus, Assertion (A) is true because the early policies stressed heavy industry and state regulation.
Reason (R) is also true because poverty reduction and building an industrial base were indeed the objectives.
Further, (R) directly explains why (A) occurred: to achieve those objectives, the state emphasised heavy industry and regulation.
Answer:A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).