Concept:Howard Gardner challenged the traditional view that intelligence is a single, fixed ability measured by IQ tests. He proposed the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which includes several distinct types.
Explanation:Howard Gardner, a developmental psychologist, introduced the Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
His work rejected the idea of a unitary general intelligence ("g").
Gardner argued that intelligence is not a fixed trait present at birth.
Instead, he identified eight separate intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
Thus, he criticised the conventional thinking that intelligence is a single, fixed capacity.
Option B is wrong because he proposed eight types, not twelve.
Option C is incorrect – his theory is about multiple intelligences, not creativity alone.
Option D is opposite to his views, as he rejected a unitary construct.
Answer:A. critiques the conventional thinking of intelligence as a fixed trait.
