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Directions (111–120) : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
The recent discovery of molecular switches that help (111) whether stem cells will become muscle cells or other cell types might (112) the way for effective treatments of Muscular Dystrophy (MD). Stem cells- primitive, selfreplacing cells that (113) bodily tissues -represent one of the most promising tools for replacing muscle fibres (muscle cells) lost or damaged in MD. Although perhaps best known as the (114) force behind embryonic development, stem cells are also found in adult tissues, where they can promote regeneration.
In the embryo and - to the re- cent surprise of scientists - in a (115) of adult tissues, many stem- cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able (116) give-rise to sev-eral different cell types, includingthose that make up bone, blood,fat, nerve and muscle. If scientistscan (117) out how stem cells“choose “among these “career” options, they might be able to directthem to become specific cell typesand repair specific tissues
.A team (118) by MDA-fundedscientist Michael Rudnicki at Canada’s Ottawa Hospital ResearchInstitute identified a chemicalswitch that influences the choicemade by stem cells found in skeletal muscle. at switch is required (119) the cells to become satellitecells, which, in adult skeletal muscle, increase muscle mass duringnormal growth, after exercise andin (120) to muscle trauma (injury).
The recent discovery of molecular switches that help (111) whether stem cells will become muscle cells or other cell types might (112) the way for effective treatments of Muscular Dystrophy (MD). Stem cells- primitive, selfreplacing cells that (113) bodily tissues -represent one of the most promising tools for replacing muscle fibres (muscle cells) lost or damaged in MD. Although perhaps best known as the (114) force behind embryonic development, stem cells are also found in adult tissues, where they can promote regeneration.
In the embryo and - to the re- cent surprise of scientists - in a (115) of adult tissues, many stem- cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able (116) give-rise to sev-eral different cell types, includingthose that make up bone, blood,fat, nerve and muscle. If scientistscan (117) out how stem cells“choose “among these “career” options, they might be able to directthem to become specific cell typesand repair specific tissues
.A team (118) by MDA-fundedscientist Michael Rudnicki at Canada’s Ottawa Hospital ResearchInstitute identified a chemicalswitch that influences the choicemade by stem cells found in skeletal muscle. at switch is required (119) the cells to become satellitecells, which, in adult skeletal muscle, increase muscle mass duringnormal growth, after exercise andin (120) to muscle trauma (injury).
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