(i) All methods are services → UniversalAffirmative (A–type).
(ii) Some demands are requests →Particular Affirmative (I–type).
(iii) No hotel is a cottage →UniversalNegative (E–type).
(iv) Some hotels are not cottages →Particular Negative (O–type).
Some stocks are bills.
No bill is a dividend.
I + E⇒ O–type of Conclusion“Some stocks are not dividends”.
(P)No bill is a dividend.
All dividends are cuts.
E
+A⇒O1–type of Conclusion“Some cuts are not bills”. (Q)
2) Venn diagrams of “Somestocks are not dividends” :
Venn diagram II contradictsthe Conclusion I, but supportsthe Conclusion II.