(i) All plots are themes → UniversalAffirmative (A–type).
(ii) Some themes are fictions →Particular Affirmative (I–type).
(iii) No fiction is a biography →Universal Negative (E–type).
(iv) Some fictions are not biographies→Particular Negative(O–type).
(5) All paints are machines.No machine is a circuit.
A + E ⇒ E–type of Conclusion“No paint is a circuit”.
Thus, Conclusion I does notfollow.
No machine is a circuit.
All circuits are wires.E + A Þ O1–type of Conclusion“Some wires are not machines”.No paint is a circuit.
All circuits are wires.
E + A ⇒ O1–type of Conclusion“Some wires are not paints”.
Venn diagrams of “Some wiresare not machines” :
Venn diagrams I and II supportthe Conclusion II.