Concept:Evaluate each statement about resonance, electromeric effect, inductive effect, heat of hydrogenation, and carbanion stability.
Explanation:Statement A: True. More covalent bonds and less charge separation increase stability of resonating structures.
Statement B: False. In electromeric effect, an unsaturated system shows
+E effect with an electrophile and
-E effect with a nucleophile.
Statement C: True. Inductive effect influences dipole moment, and thus affects boiling point and melting point of polar compounds.
Statement D: False. More alkyl groups on doubly bonded carbons stabilize the alkene, so heat of hydrogenation decreases.
Statement E: True. Higher
s‑character of the carbon bearing the negative charge stabilizes the carbanion.
Thus, the false statements are B and D.
Answer:B & D only – Option C.