KCET 2014 Biology Solved Paper

→ Rhizomes are underground modification of stem and are horizontal, thick, fleshy underground stems which grow below the surface of soil. For example, ginger, turmeric, etc
→ Offsets are sub-aerial modifications of stem and are slender green horizontal prostate branches which develop from single erect shoot. They can grow into a new plant if it breaks from the parent plant. For example, Pistia, Eichhornia, etc
→ Suckers are sub-aerial modifications of stem that grow horizontally below the soil surface. The tips of suckers directly grow upward to give rise to upright aerial leafy shoots without forming roots. They thus help in perennation. For example, Chrysanthemum, Mentha, etc
→ Foliar buds are a type of adventitious buds that develop on the notches present on the margin of the leaves. For example, Bryophyllum, Kalanchoe, etc.