An equipotential surface is a surface on which the electric potential is constant at all points.
1. For a point charge, the electric potential is given by:
V=rkQ​where
k is Coulomb's constant,
Q is the charge, and
r is the distance from the point charge. This potential depends only on the distance from the charge, so the equipotential surfaces for a point charge are spherical. These surfaces are concentric spheres with the point charge at the center.
2. For a dipole, the electric potential at a point is a function of both distance and angle from the dipole, and the equipotential surfaces are spherical at large distances but take a more complicated shape closer to the dipole. At small distances from a dipole, the equipotential surfaces are more complicated and are not spherical.
Therefore, the correct answer is that the equipotential surface is spherical for a point charge.
Thus, the correct answer is:
D)Sphericalforapointcharge​ Quick Tip: For a point charge, the equipotential surfaces are spherical, centered at the charge. For more complex charge distributions like dipoles, the equipotential surfaces are not spherical.