Concept:FTIR spectroscopy detects the vibrations of chemical bonds, so it directly reveals the binding nature of nanomaterials.
Explanation:Binding nature means how atoms are connected through chemical bonds and which functional groups are present in a material.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measures the absorption of infrared radiation by molecular bonds.
When IR radiation is absorbed, the bond vibrates at a characteristic wavenumber.
For example,
O−H,
C=O, and
N−H bonds each show distinct absorption peaks.
These peaks tell us the exact type of bond and the binding nature of the nanomaterial.
Other techniques give different information:
SEM is used to study surface morphology and particle size.
TEM is used to observe internal structure at the nanoscale.
XRD is used to determine crystal structure, phase, and crystallite size.
Only FTIR directly identifies the chemical binding and functional groups.
Therefore, FTIR is the correct technique for finding the binding nature of nanomaterials.
Answer:D. FTIR