(A) Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish physician, microbiologist and pharmacologist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world’s first antibiotic substance benzyl penicillin (Penicillin G) from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.