Rajendra Chola I assumed the title ‘Gan- gaikonda Chola’ (The Chola who took the Ganges) after defeating the Gangas, Chalukyas, Cheras, Palas, Pandyas, Kalinga and other rulers. In 1025, he invaded Sangrama Vijayatun- gavarman’s Srivijaya kingdom, imprisoning him and cap-turing its capital Kadaram, Pannai (present-Sumatra), Kedah (present-Malaysia) and Malaiyur (Malayan penin-sula).