(3) African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a disease spread by an infected tsetse fly, found in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. The vast majority of human cases result from the transfer of T. brucei trypanosomesby tsetse flies as they suck human blood. Sleeping sickness is caused by two different parasites, Trypanosomabrucei rhodesiense and Trypanosomabrucei gambiense.