Concept:The President can declare a National Emergency under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution when the security of India or any part is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
Explanation:This emergency is also called a 'National Emergency'.
It can be declared for the whole country or a specific region.
Before issuing the proclamation, the President must receive a written recommendation from the Union Cabinet.
Once declared, fundamental rights under Article 19 are automatically suspended.
The central government gets overriding powers over state subjects.
The proclamation must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within one month.
It remains in force for six months, and extensions need parliamentary approval every six months.
Other types of emergencies are: President’s Rule under Article 356 (state failure) and Financial Emergency under Article 360 (financial instability).
Key terms: war (armed conflict), external aggression (hostile foreign action), armed rebellion (organised internal resistance).
The 44th Amendment (1978) added safeguards like Cabinet recommendation and limited suspension of fundamental rights.
Answer:C. Article 352