Concept:Use algebraic identities for (x+x1) to find x2+x21 and then x3+x31.Explanation:We are given x+x1=1.First compute x2+x21 using the identity: x2+x21=(x+x1)2−2.Substitute the value: x2+x21=12−2=1−2=−1.Now use the identity for cubes: x3+x31=(x+x1)×(x2+x21)−(x+x1).Plug in the known values: x3+x31=1×(−1)−1=−1−1=−2.Answer:The value of x3+x31 is −2. Option A.