The value of r1+r2+r3 is calculated as, r1+r2+r3=s−aΔ+s−bΔ+s−cΔ=Δ[s−a1+s−b1]+s−cΔ−sΔ+sΔ=Δ[(s−a)(s−b)s−b+s−a]+s(s−c)Δ(s−s+c)+sΔ=[(s−a)(s−b)Δc]+s(s−c)Δc+sΔ Solve further, r1+r2+r3=Δc[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)s2−cs+s2−as−bs+ab]+sΔ=[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)Δc(2s2−s(a+b+c)+ab)]+sΔ=Δ2Δc(2s2−2s2+ab)+sΔ=Δabc+sΔ Solve further, r1+r2+r3=4R+r