Concept:Contextual factors are elements of the communication environment that shape how messages are interpreted. Physical location, participants, and preceding events are key contextual determinants.
Explanation:Physical location (A) influences meaning because the setting or environment changes how a message is understood. For instance, the same words carry different weight in a boardroom versus a casual café.
Participants (B) affect meaning through their personal experiences, cultural backgrounds, roles, and power dynamics. These factors alter how a message is received and interpreted.
Preceding events (C) set the mood, expectations, and biases that shape the interpretation of subsequent communication. What happened before directly impacts how a message is understood.
Nonfunctional goals (D) refer to underlying intentions like seeking approval or asserting dominance. These are personal motives, not contextual factors that determine meaning.
Absence of audience (E) describes a specific scenario but is not a primary contextual factor that determines meaning in communication behaviour.
Answer:A. (A), (B) and (C) Only