Concept:In classical Indian logic (Nyaya), a valid inference requires the middle term to be present in the minor term. If the middle term cannot by nature reside in the minor term, the argument is fallacious. Explanation:The assertion states that the argument “Sound is quality because it is visible” is fallacious. The reason explains that the middle term “visible” cannot be present in the minor term “sound” because sound is not visible. This violates the rule of inference, making the argument invalid. Therefore, both statements are true, and the reason correctly explains why the assertion holds. Answer:Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Option A.