Dr. Albert Mehrabian, author of Silent Messages, conducted several studies on nonverbal communication and found that 7% of any message is conveyed through words, 38% through certain vocal elements, and 55% through nonverbal elements (facial expressions, gestures, posture, etc). A University of Pennsylvania study reported that the majority of communication is transmitted non-verbally; 70% is body language, 23% is voice tone and inflection, and only 7% comprises spoken words