(d) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. India makes CSR mandatory for companies following an amendment to the Companies Act, 2013, in 2014. Under this Act, companies having a net worth of 500 crore or more or a turnover of 1,000 crore or a net profit of 5 crore must spend 2% of their net profits on CSR activities. 114. (a) The Physical Quality