UPSC 2015 CDS II English Paper

Passage-2

  Galileo used mathematical calculation as well as observation of nature and was the first astronomer to use a telescope. With an instrument of his own 26.(a) experiment, (b) construction, (c) calculation, Galileo observed Jupiter and four of 27.(a) the (b) their (c) its moons, the phases of Venus and the spots on the sun. His 28.(a) observing b) observations (c) observed and calculations confirmed that Copernicus and Kepler were right. He saw 29.(a) by (b) from (c) with his own eyes and made other people 30.(a) to see (b) see (c) seeing too that the earth was not the fixed center of 31.(a) an (b) a (c) the universe as Ptolemy had said. Galileo 32.(a) instead (b) also (c) therefore made some important discoveries in mechanics. He did not 33.(a) as legend says (b) as stories say (c) as people say drop cannon balls from the Leaning Tower of Pisa 34.(a) having proved (b) proving c) to prove that all bodies fall at the 35. (a) same (b) equal (c) similar speed, but he did roll balls 36.(a) downside (b) down over (c) down a slope to show that the 37.(a) track (b) distance (c) path a body falls is proportionate 38.(a) to (b) of (c) with the square of the time it takes to fall. Galileo also noticed the regular 39.(a) swings (b) swinging (c) swaying of the lamps in Pisa Cathedral; 40.(a) these (b) this (c) those gave him the idea of the pendulum, a device that enabled him to make the clock a scientific instrument for the first time.