Concept:The International Labour Organisation (ILO) proposed the basic needs approach, which directly targets essential requirements for human development such as health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing.
Explanation:The ILO introduced this approach at the 1976 World Employment Conference.
It defined basic needs to include food, clothing, housing, education, and public transportation.
Unlike the income approach, which equates development with higher per capita income, the basic needs approach sets specific production targets to meet these needs directly.
Unlike the welfare approach, which relies on government expenditure on welfare amenities, the basic needs approach emphasises active participation and employment as both means and ends.
Unlike the capability approach associated with Amartya Sen, which focuses on building health, education, and resource access capabilities, the basic needs approach originally framed by the ILO centres on the provision of minimum material and social requirements.
Therefore, the focus on health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing exactly matches the ILO's basic needs framework.
Answer:B. Basic needs approach