Concept:Volcanic Explosive Index measures eruption strength; Iceland and Philippines are volcanic islands; volcanic soils are fertile.
Explanation:Statement 1 is correct because the Volcanic Explosive Index (VEI) is the standard scale to gauge the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions.
It considers factors like ejected material volume, eruption cloud height, and duration.
Statement 2 is correct as both Iceland and the Philippines are geologically young regions formed primarily by volcanic activity and tectonic plate movements.
Their islands were built up through repeated eruptions and submarine volcanism.
Statement 3 is correct because volcanic soils, derived from weathered ash and lava, are rich in minerals like potassium, phosphorus, and trace elements.
These soils are deep, well-drained, and highly fertile, supporting intensive agriculture in many volcanic regions such as Indonesia, Italy, and parts of India.
All three statements accurately describe volcanic phenomena and their consequences.
Answer:1, 2 and 3 (Option D).