Concept:Indian agriculture is primarily subsistence-based, monsoon-dependent, and under heavy population pressure, but it is dominated by food crops, not cash crops.
Explanation:The major features of Indian agriculture include subsistence farming, high population pressure, and heavy reliance on monsoon rains.
Subsistence agriculture means farmers grow crops mainly for their own consumption, with little surplus for sale.
Rapid population growth forces agriculture to support a large workforce and feed millions, creating intense pressure on land.
Monsoon dependence is a key feature because rainfall is uncertain and irregular; only about one-third of cropped area has reliable irrigation.
However, the predominant crop type is food crops (like rice and wheat), not cash crops.
Over two-thirds of the total cropped area is devoted to food crops to feed the large population.
Though the share of food crops has declined over time (from 76.7% in 1950-51 to 58.8% in 2002-03), they still dominate.
Therefore, "predominance of cash crops" is not a characteristic of Indian agriculture.
Answer:Option D: Predominance of cash crops is not a feature of agriculture in India.