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UPSC NDA I 2025 Mathematics Paper

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Question : 27 of 120

Marks: +1, -0

If

A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}

A^2-4 A

equal to?

−5I3
−I3
I3
5I3

Solution:

Given,

\;A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}

\;A^2 \Rightarrow A^2=A \times A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\times\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}

\;\Rightarrow A^2=\begin{bmatrix} 9 & 8 & 8 \\ 8 & 9 & 8 \\ 8 & 8 & 9 \end{bmatrix}

Now 4A 4A

\;\Rightarrow 4 A=4 \times \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}

\;\Rightarrow 4 A=\begin{bmatrix} 4 & 8 & 8 \\ 8 & 4 & 8 \\ 8 & 8 & 4 \end{bmatrix}

Also

A^2-4 A A^2-4 A

\;\Rightarrow A^2-4 A=\begin{bmatrix} 9 & 8 & 8 \\ 8 & 9 & 8 \\ 8 & 8 & 9 \end{bmatrix}-\begin{bmatrix} 4 & 8 & 8 \\ 8 & 4 & 8 \\ 8 & 8 & 4 \end{bmatrix}

\;\Rightarrow A^2-4 A=\begin{bmatrix} 9-4 & 8-8 & 8-8 \\ 8-8 & 9-4 & 8-8 \\ 8-8 & 8-8 & 9-4 \end{bmatrix}

\;\Rightarrow A^2-4 A=\begin{bmatrix} 5 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix}

\;\text{ Relate the result to the identity matrix }\;\;I_3

\Rightarrow A^2-4 A=5 I_3

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