UPSC NDA I and II 2020 General Ability Solved Paper

Concept:The $42^{\text{nd}}$ Amendment (1976) added four new Directive Principles to the Constitution. One of them is equal justice and free legal aid.Explanation:The $42^{\text{nd}}$ Amendment Act, 1976, inserted the following Directive Principles:• Article 39: Secure opportunities for healthy development of children.• Article 39A: Promote equal justice and provide free legal aid to the poor.• Article 43A: Secure participation of workers in management of industries.• Article 48A: Protect and improve the environment, forests, and wildlife.Among the given options:• Option A (minimise inequalities in income) was added by the $44^{\text{th}}$ Amendment Act, 1978 (Article 38).• Option B (Equal justice and free legal aid) corresponds to Article 39A — inserted by the $42^{\text{nd}}$ Amendment.• Option C (Promotion of co-operative) is not a $42^{\text{nd}}$ Amendment addition.• Option D (Provision for early childhood care) relates to Article 39, but the exact phrase is not in the options; the $42^{\text{nd}}$ Amendment added "healthy development of children" under Article 39, but the question asks for the specific principle listed among the choices.Therefore, the correct option is B.Answer:Equal justice and free legal aid (Option B).