Concept:The Theosophical Society was led by Annie Besant, who became its president after the death of Colonel Olcott.
Explanation:The Theosophical Society was founded in New York in 1875 by Madame H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel M.S. Olcott.
They were inspired by Indian philosophy and later shifted their headquarters to Adyar, near Madras (Chennai), India.
In India, the movement gained prominence after Annie Besant was elected president in 1907, following Olcott's death.
Annie Besant had arrived in India in 1893 and worked for the society's growth.
The society promoted universal brotherhood, disregarding distinctions of race, creed, sex, caste, or colour.
Among the given options, A.O. Hume was a moderate leader and co-founder of the Indian National Congress.
Arthur Griffith was an Irish politician who founded Sinn Féin.
Lord Dufferin served as the Governor-General of India from 1884 to 1888.
Thus, the correct leader of the Theosophical Society was Annie Besant.
Answer:Annie Besant