Concept:Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory emphasizes that learning is a social process and that knowledge is co-constructed through interaction, not passively transmitted.
Explanation:Vygotsky’s theory promotes active student roles, not a transmission model where the teacher simply delivers information.
Therefore, option C – “The teacher should follow an instructional model in which a teacher ‘transmits’ information to students” – directly contradicts Vygotsky’s view.
Instead, the theory encourages scaffolding, cooperative learning, and peer interaction.
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) separates actual development (tasks done alone) from potential development (tasks done with help).
Scaffolding should be used whenever learners need support, and students should play a lively role in their own learning.
Hence, only option C is incorrect among the given statements.
Answer:Option C – The teacher should follow an instructional model in which a teacher ‘transmits’ information to students.