Concept:Progressive education, as proposed by John Dewey, is child-centered and emphasizes learning through hands-on activities and open discussion. Children are naturally curious and capable of forming causal explanations when given opportunities to explore.
Explanation:Assertion (A) says a teacher should not give space for children's explanations. This is false. Progressive education encourages teachers to create a democratic classroom where students freely share and discuss their ideas about phenomena. Reason (R) claims children cannot develop causal explanations on their own. This is also false. Children can and do construct causal explanations through exploration, experimentation, and guided inquiry. For example, children understand cause and effect from everyday experiences and peer discussions. Both statements contradict the core principles of progressive education, which values student voice, active learning, and collaborative reasoning. Therefore, both (A) and (R) are false.
Answer:Both (A) and (R) are false, so the correct option is D.