Given lines are x = my + n, z = py + q and x = m' y + n', z = p' y + q' Above equations can be rewritten as mx−n​ = 1y+0​ = pz−q​ and m′x−n′​ = 1y−0​ = p′z−q′​ Lines will be perpendicular, if mm' + 1 + pp' = 0 ⇒ mm' + pp' = -1