Review exam topics
Java Basics
Define the scope of variables
Define the structure of a Java class
Create executable Java applications with a main method; run a Java program from the command line; produce console output
Import other Java packages to make them accessible in your code
Compare and contrast the features and components of Java such as: platform independence, object orientation, encapsulation, etc.
Working With Java Data Types
Declare and initialize variables (including casting of primitive data types)
Differentiate between object reference variables and primitive variables
Know how to read or write to object fields
Explain an Object's Lifecycle (creation, "dereference by reassignment" and garbage collection)
Develop code that uses wrapper classes such as Boolean, Double, and Integer
Using Operators and Decision Constructs
Use Java operators; use parentheses to override operator precedence
Test equality between Strings and other objects using == and equals ()
Create if and if/else and ternary constructs
Use a switch statement
Creating and Using Arrays
Declare, instantiate, initialize and use a one-dimensional array
Declare, instantiate, initialize and use multi-dimensional arrays
Using Loop Constructs
Create and use while loops
Create and use for loops including the enhanced for loop
Create and use do/while loops
Compare loop constructs
Use break and continue
Working with Methods and Encapsulation
Create methods with arguments and return values; including overloaded methods
Apply the static keyword to methods and fields
Create and overload constructors; differentiate between default and user defined constructors
Apply access modifiers
Apply encapsulation principles to a class
Determine the effect upon object references and primitive values when they are passed into methods that change the values
Working with Inheritance
Describe inheritance and its benefits
Develop code that makes use of polymorphism; develop code that overrides methods; differentiate between the type of a reference and the type of an object
Determine when casting is necessary
Use super and this to access objects and constructors
Use abstract classes and interfaces
Handling Exceptions
Differentiate among checked exceptions, unchecked exceptions, and Errors
Create a try-catch block and determine how exceptions alter normal program flow
Describe the advantages of Exception handling
Create and invoke a method that throws an exception
Recognize common exception classes (such as NullPointerException, ArithmeticException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, ClassCastException)
Working with Selected classes from the Java API
Manipulate data using the StringBuilder class and its methods
Create and manipulate Strings
Create and manipulate calendar data using classes from java.time.LocalDateTime, java.time.LocalDate, java.time.LocalTime, java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter, java.time.Period
Declare and use an ArrayList of a given type
Write a simple Lambda expression that consumes a Lambda Predicate expression
Assume the following:
Missing package and import statements: If sample code do not include package or import statements, and the question does not explicitly refer to these missing statements, then assume that all sample code is in the same package, or import statements exist to support them.
No file or directory path names for classes: If a question does not state the file names or directory locations of classes, then assume one of
the following, whichever will enable the code to compile and run:
All classes are in one file
Each class is contained in a separate file, and all files are in one directory
Unintended line breaks: Sample code might have unintended line breaks. If you see a line of code that looks like it has wrapped, and this creates a situation where the wrapping is significant (for example, a quoted String literal has wrapped), assume that the wrapping is an extension of the same line, and the line does not contain a hard carriage return that would cause a compilation failure.
Code fragments: A code fragment is a small section of source code that is presented without its context. Assume that all necessary supporting code exists and that the supporting environment fully supports the correct compilation and execution of the code shown and its omitted environment.
Descriptive comments: Take descriptive comments, such as "setter and getters go here," at face value. Assume that correct code exists, compiles, and runs successfully to create the described effect.