© examsnet.com
Question : 5
Total: 7
(a) Carry out following conversions :
(i) Ethanol to Ethene
(ii) Ethanol to Ethanoic acid
(b) Differentiate between addition reaction and substitution reaction. Give one example of each.
(i) Ethanol to Ethene
(ii) Ethanol to Ethanoic acid
(b) Differentiate between addition reaction and substitution reaction. Give one example of each.
Solution:
(a) (i) Conversion of ethanol to ethene: Heating ethanol at 443 K
+ H 2 O
The concentrated sulphuric acid can be regarded as a dehydrating agent which removes water from ethanol.
(ii) Conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid:
Ethanol can be converted to ethanoic acid in the presence of alkalineKMnO 4
(b) Difference between addition and substitution reaction :
Example of addition reaction :
Addition reaction is commonly used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils using a nickel catalyst. Vegetable oils generally have long unsaturated carbon chains while animal fats have saturated carbon chains.
In the presence of sunlight, chlorine is added to hydrocarbons in a very fast reaction. Chlorine can replace the hydrogen atoms one by one. Thus these reactions are used in the synthesis of the intermediates.
CH 4 + Cl 2
CH 3 Cl + HCl
(ii) Conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid:
Ethanol can be converted to ethanoic acid in the presence of alkaline
| S.No | Addition reaction | Substitution reaction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | It is the combination of two or more atoms or molecules in order to form a large molecule. | The large molecules formed after the reaction is called the adduct. |
| 2 | The large molecules formed after the reaction is called the adduct. | The leaving group or the molecular components which leave the reaction and are being replaced are called substrates. |
| 3 | No by-product is formed. | A by-product is formed. |
Addition reaction is commonly used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils using a nickel catalyst. Vegetable oils generally have long unsaturated carbon chains while animal fats have saturated carbon chains.
Example of substitution reaction:
In the presence of sunlight, chlorine is added to hydrocarbons in a very fast reaction. Chlorine can replace the hydrogen atoms one by one. Thus these reactions are used in the synthesis of the intermediates.
© examsnet.com
Go to Question: