Mining affects the environment by exposing radioactive elements, removing topsoil, increasing the risk of contamination of the nearby ground and surface water sources, and acidification of the surrounding environment. Mining affects and disrupts the aquatic habitats, terrestrial habitats and wetlands that contains diverse ecosystems and organisms that rely on these areas for survival. A mine's large consumption and release of water, manipulation of topography and landscape, as well as the release of particulates and chemicals affects various habitats directly and indirectly.
Mining is dependent on the fossil fuels, which are non-renewable, to generate the energy needed for its operations. Dust released during the break up of materials causes lung problems and poses health risks for miners and people that live in the surrounding areas.